Three-point lighting is a standard indoor photography lighting technique commonly used in photography or videography.
3-Point Lighting
Key Light
In a completely dark room, the key light will be the primary source of light used to illuminate your subject. The key light acts as a spotlight, taking the place of the sun or a window. Normally, it is the strongest/brightest light in your scene and, as a result, will cast the darkest shadows and have the biggest impact on the look of your scene. Place the key light between 15 to 45 degrees to one side of your subject, either left or right depending on your preference. This will ensure that one side is illuminated while the other is cast in shadow. Consider using a swing arm wall light as the key light in your next photo shoot.
Fill Light
Unless you want to photograph your subject in as little light as possible, the next light you will add to your scene will be the fill light. The fill light lends more light to your scene, makes your subject more visible, and softens the light emitted from the key light. This secondary light should generally be placed on the opposite side of the key light.
Back Light
Unsurprisingly, the back light is placed behind your subject, illuminating it from the back. The purpose of the backlight is not to add light like the key and fill light, but rather to separate your subject from the background and lend it definition by creating a bright outline around your subject, highlighting it and giving it a 3-dimensional appearance.
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